SOSTENIBILIDAD EN LA ECONOMÍA DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES: DESAFÍOS, ESTRATEGIAS Y OPORTUNIDADES PARA LA BIODIVERSIDAD EN LA AMAZONÍA ECUATORIANA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47187/rv400748Palabras clave:
Sostenibilidad, Biodiversidad, Amazonía ecuatoriana, Servicios ecosistémicos, Bioeconomía.Resumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los desafíos, estrategias y oportunidades para alcanzar la sostenibilidad en la economía de los recursos naturales, con énfasis en la conservación de la biodiversidad en la Amazonía ecuatoriana. La investigación se realizó mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura científica, basada en el protocolo PRISMA, y abarcó estudios empíricos publicados entre 2014 y 2024, seleccionados de bases de datos académicas internacionales y regionales. Los resultados identificaron tres principales desafíos: la deforestación y degradación ambiental, la presión de las actividades extractivas, y los conflictos socioambientales entre comunidades locales y actores externos. Frente a ello, se reconocieron estrategias clave como el fortalecimiento de áreas protegidas, la implementación de políticas públicas orientadas a la sostenibilidad, y la integración de la biodiversidad en las decisiones económicas mediante la valorización de los servicios ecosistémicos y el desarrollo de la bioeconomía. Asimismo, se destacaron oportunidades vinculadas al uso de tecnologías emergentes para el monitoreo ambiental, la cooperación internacional y el financiamiento sostenible, así como el empoderamiento de comunidades indígenas a través del rescate de prácticas tradicionales y su participación activa en la gobernanza territorial. En conclusión, aunque la Amazonía ecuatoriana enfrenta serias amenazas a su sostenibilidad, existen múltiples estrategias viables que, si se implementan de forma articulada e inclusiva, podrían revertir las tendencias actuales de pérdida de biodiversidad. Se requiere una gobernanza integral, basada en la equidad, el respeto intercultural y la participación comunitaria, que permita conciliar los objetivos económicos con la conservación ambiental a largo plazo.
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